Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.)
The Concise APA Handbook by
Scroll down to the type of source you need to cite: articles, books, book chapters, technical and research reports, and Web pages or posts. For each source type, the left column displays the information you need to gather and how to format that element. The right column provides more details and examples. Example citations are included for that source type under each table.
| Author(s). | Lastname, Firstinitial., Lastname, Firstinitial, & Lastname, Firstinitial. |
| (Year, Month Day). | Include month and day, if available. End with a period. |
| Title of article. | Only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (sentence case). End with a period. |
| Title of Journal, Magazine, or Newspaper, | All main words are capitalized (title case) in italics. End with a comma. |
| Volume number | If available. Do not put a space between the volume number and parenthesis before the issue number. |
| (issue number), | if available, and pagination is not continuous. End with a comma. |
| Pages. | If available. For newspapers, include p. and pp. (e.g., p. B2 and pp. C1, C3–C4). Use an en dash with page ranges. End with a period. |
| DOI or URL. Ask your instructors which method they prefer. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL. |
1. DOI number: https://doi.org/... |
Examples
Blue, L. (2009, August 3). Preventing preemies. Newsweek, 37–40.
Bugos, J. A. (2015). Greasing the skids of the musical mind: Connecting music learning to mind brain education. General Music Today, 29(1), 5–11. http://ezproxy.fcclib.nocccd.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1074777&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Cohen, N. (2010, December 6). WikiLeaks, Facebook and perils of oversharing. The New York Times, p. 3. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A243612462/OVIC?u=full44847&sid=OVIC&xid=1f67a6f4
Davis, L. C. (2015, August 31). When mindfulness meets the classroom. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/08/mindfulness-education-schools-meditation/402469/
Kortteinen, H., Narhi, V., & Ahnonen, T. (2005). Does IQ matter in adolescents’ reading disability? Learning & Individual Differences, 19, 257–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.01.003
MacVean, M. (2015, February 16). Meditation booms as people seek a way to slow down. Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-c1-meditation-20150216-story.html
Rodriguez, A. (2009, August 10). Pakistani Taliban preys on youth. Los Angeles Times, pp. A1, A15.
| Author(s) or Editor(s). | Lastname, Firstinitial., & Lastname, Firstinitial. (Eds). End with a period. |
| (Copyright Year). | E.g., (2016). End with a period. |
| Title of book: Subtitle of book. | Only the first words and proper nouns are capitalized (sentence case), in italics. End with a period. |
| Editor(s). | Include if book has author(s) and editor(s). End with a period. |
| (Translator). | If work is a translation, include translator: (C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Trans.). End with a period. |
| (Edition). | If other than first, include edition: (5th ed.). End with a period. |
| Publisher. | E.g., University of Chicago Press. Separate multiple publishers with a semicolon. End with a period. |
| Permalink or URL | E.g., http://ezproxy.fcclib.nocccd.edu... Do not end with a period. |
| (Original work year published) | E.g., (Original work published 1903) |
Examples
Kender, S. E. (Ed.). (1996). Crime in America. Wilson.
Kennedy, X. J., & Kennedy, D. M. (2014). The Bedford guide for college writers: With reader, research manual, and handbook (10th ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's.
London, J. (2004). Call of the wild. http://books.google.com/books (Original work published 1903)
Proust, M. (1929). The captive. (C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Trans.). Modern Library. (Original work published 1923)
Waldinger, R. D. (2015). The cross-border connection: Immigrants, emigrants, and their homelands. Harvard University. http://ezproxy.fcclib.nocccd.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=781911&site=eds-live&scope=site
| Author(s) or Editor(s). | Lastname, Firstinitial., & Lastname, Firstinitial. (Eds.). End with a period. |
| (Year of publication). | E.g., (2016). End with a period. |
| Title of article or book chapter. | Only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (sentence case). End with a period. |
| Editor(s), | E.g., In S. G. Rogelbert (Ed.), End with a comma. |
| Title of book | Only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (sentence case), in italics. There is no punctuation between the book title and first parenthesis. |
| (edition, Volume, page numbers). | E.g., (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 255–256). End with a period. |
| Publisher. | E.g., University of Chicago Press. If there are multiple publishers, separate with a semicolon. End with a period. |
| Permalink or URL | E.g., http://ezproxy.fcclib.nocccd.edu... Do not end with a period. |
Examples
American Heritage Dictionary, The. (5th ed.). (2016). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Friedenbach, J. (2016). Involuntary treatment for the mentally ill is dangerous and harmful. In N.Berlatsky (Ed.), Opposing viewpoints. Mental illness. GreenhavenPress. (Reprinted from 'Laura's Law' a Looming Disaster for Mentally Ill, San FranciscoExaminer, 2014, June 8). http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010154295/OVIC?u=full44847&xid=01bfbd66
United Nations, International Organization for Migration. (2013). Migration trends: Comparing the four pathways. World migration report 2013: Migrant well-being and development (pp. 52-84). United Nations Publications.
Waclawski, J. (2007). Focus groups. In S. G. Rogelbert (Ed.), Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 255–256). Sage Publications.
Wexler, B. (2016). Mental Health and Illness. In Information Plus Reference Series. Health and Wellness (2016 ed., pp. 147–170). Gale. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3645000014/GVRL?u=full44847&sid=GVRL&xid=b8044840
| Author(s) or Editor(s) if no author. | Lastname, Firstinitial., & Lastname, Firstinitial. (Eds.). End with a period. |
| (Year, Month Date). | If no date, write (n.d.). End with a period. |
| Title of work | Only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (sentence case), in italics — No period after the title. |
| (Report Number). | (Report No. xxx), if included. End with a period. |
| Publisher. |
Include if retrieved online, unless publisher is also the author. End with a period. E.g., Government Printing Office. |
| URL | E.g., http://www.websiteurlhere — Do not end with a period. |
Examples
American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2007). Report of theAPA Task Force on the sexualization of girls. http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/reportfull.pdf
National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2015). Ending homelessness for unaccompanied youth age 18-24. http://www.endhomelessness.org/page/-/files/Ending%20Homelessness%20for% 20Older%20Youth_Final.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking: 50 years of progress. A report of the Surgeon General. https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports /50-years-ofprogress/full-report.pdf
Note: When referencing an entire website, it is enough to include the website title and URL in the text of your paper. You do not need to include the citation in the reference list as well.
Examples
Chamberliin, M., & Holliday, S. B. (2020, August 12). Elevating Equity in Los Angeles Juvenile and Criminal Justice Reform. [Blog post]. The Rand Blog. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/08/elevating-equity-in-los-angeles-juvenile-and-criminal.html
Russell, C. (2013, January). Looks aren’t everything. Believe me, I’m a model [Video file]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM4Xe6Dlp0Y
Trump, D. J. [@realDonaldTrump]. (2017, February 24). Find the leakers within the FBI itself. Classified information is being given to media that could have a devastating effect on U.S. FIND NOW [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status /835106143462703104